Tag Archives: Simulacra

Difference and Repetition, Introduction, Deleuze

“The subject dealt with here is manifestly in the air. The signs may be noted: Heidegger’s more and more pronounced orientation towards a philosophy of ontological Difference; the structuralist project, based upon a distribution of differential characters within a space of coexistence; the contemporary novelist’s art which revolves around difference and repetition, not only in its most abstract reflections but also in its effective techniques; the discovery in a variety of fields of a power peculiar to repetition, a power which also inhabits the unconscious, language and art. All these signs may be attributed to a generalized anti-Hegelianism: difference and repetition have taken the place of the identical and the negative, of identity and contradiction. For difference implies the negative, and allows itself to lead to contradiction, only to the extent that its subordination to the identical is maintained. The primacy of identity, however conceived, defines the world of representation. But modern thought is born of the failure of representation, of the loss of identities, and of the discovery of all the forces that act under the representation of the identical. The modern world is one of simulacra. Man did not survive God, nor did the identity of the subject survive that of substance. All identities are only simulated, produced as an optical ‘effect’ by the more profound game of difference and repetition. We propose to think difference in itself independently of the forms of representation which reduce it to the Same, and the relation of different to different independently of those forms which make them pass through the negative.”

Gilles Deleuze
Difference and Repetition
Translated by Paul Patton

Columbia University Press
New York, 1994

Pg 5 “Preface to the Original Edition”

A Scanner Darkly – introducing Fred the vague blur.

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“Gentlemen of the Anaheim Lions club” the man at the microphone  said, “we have a wonderful opportunity this afternoon, you see, the County of Orange has provided us with chance to hear from, and then put questions to and of, an undercover narcotics agent from the Orange county sheriffs Department” he beamed, this man wearing his pink waffle fiber suit will and wide plastic yellow tie and blue shirt and fake leather shoes, he was an over weight man,  overaged as well, over happy, even when there was little or nothing to be happy .

Watching him, the undercover narcotics agent felt nausea.

“Now, you will notice”, the lionclub host said, “that you can barely see this individual, who is seated directly to my right, because he is wearing what is called a scramble suit, which is the exact same suit he wears and in fact must wear during certain parts, in fact most, of his daily activities of law enforcement. Later he will explain why”

the audience, which mirrored the qualities of the host in every possible way regarded the individual in his scramble suit.

“This man,” the host declared, “whom we would all Fred, because this is the code name under which he reports the information he gathers, once with in the scramble suit,  he cannot be identified by voice, or by even technological voiceprint, or by appearance. He looks, does he not, like a vague blur and nothing more? Am I right? He let loose a great smile. But his audience appreciating that this was indeed funny, did a little smiling all of their own.

The scramble suit was an invention of the Bell laboratories, conjured up by accident by an employee named S. A. Powers . He had, a few years ago, been experimenting with disinhibiting substances affecting neural tissue, and one night, having administered to himself an IV injection considered safe and mildly euphoric, he experienced a disastrous drop in the GABA fluid of his brain. Subjectively, he had then witnessed lurid phospene activity projected on the far wall off his bedroom, a frantically progressing montage of what, at the time, he imagined to be modern day abstract paintings. –

basically his design consisted of a multi-face quartz lens hooked to a miniaturized computer whose memory banks held up to 1,000,000 1/2 physiognomic fracture representations of various people, men and women, children, with every variance encoded and then projected outward in all directions equally onto a super thin shroud like membrane large enough to fit around an average human.

As the computer looped through its banks, it projected every conceivable eye color, hair color, shape and type all the nose, formation of teeth,, configuration of a facial bone structure the entire shroud like membrane took on what ever physical characteristics were projected at any nanosecond and then switched to the next. Just to make his scramble suit more effective S. A Powers programmed to the computer to randomize the sequence of characteristics within each set.

- in any case, the wearer of the a scramble suit was every man and in every combination(up to combinations of 1,000,000 1/2 bits) during the coarse of each hour.

Hence, any description of him or her was meaningless. Needless to say S. A  Powers had fed his own personal physiognomic characteristics into the computer units,, so that, buried in the frantic permutation of qualities, his own surface and combined on an average, he had calculated, off once each 50 years per suit, served up and reassembled, given enough time per suit. It was his closest claim to immortality.

“Let’s hear it for the vague blur!”, the host said loudly, and there was mass clapping.

A Scanner Darkly

Philip K Dick pg 15 -16

Gollancz; New edition edition (14 Oct 1999)

Let’s hear it for the vague blur. Text from ‘A Scanner Darkly’ and images from Google Maps Street View

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What am I actually? He asked himself. He wished momentarily for his scramble suit. Then, he thought, I could go on being a vague blur and passers by, street people in general, would applaud . Lets here it for the vague blur, he thought , doing a short rerun. What a way to get recognition . How, for instance could they be sure it wasn’t some other vague blur ? It could be somebody other than Fred inside or another Fred, and they’d never know, not even when Fred and his mouth started talked.

They wouldn’t really know then. They’d never know. It could be Al pretending to be Fred, for example. It could anyone in there, it could even be empty .

Down at Orange county GHQ they could be piping a voice to a scramble suit, animating it from the sheriff’s office. Fred could in that case be anybody who happened to be at his desk that day and happened to pick up the script and the Mike, or a composite of all sorts of guys at their desks.

But I guess what I said at the end, he thought, finishes off that.

That wasn’t anybody back in the office. The guys back in the office want to talk to me that, as a matter of fact.

He didn’t look forward to that, so he continued to loiter and delay, going nowhere, going everywhere. In southern California it didn’t make any difference anyhow where you went there was always the same Mac Donald burger place over and over, like a circular strip that turned past you as you pretended to go somewhere . And when finally you got hungry and went to the Mac Donald burger place and bought a Mac Donald’s hamburger, it was the one they sold you lost time and the time before that and so forth, back to before you were born, and in addition bad people- liars- said it was made out of Turkey gizzards anyhow.

They had by now, according to their sign, sold the same original burger 50 billion times. He wondered if it was to the same person.

Life in an Anaheim California was a commercial for itself, endlessly replayed. Nothing changed, it just spread out further and further in the form of neon ooze.

What there was always more of had been congealed into permanence long ago, as if. The automatic factory that cranked out these objects had jammed in the own position. How the land became plastic, he thought, it’ll be mandatory that the sea. became salt some day he thought, it will be mandatory that we all sell Mac Donald hamburger as well as bye it , we’ll sell it, back and forth to each other, forever from our living rooms. That way we won’t even have two go outside.

A Scanner Darkly.Philip K Dick

pg 21-22

Gollancz; New edition edition (14 Oct 1999)